本期目录

2024年 31卷 5期 刊出日期：2024-10-31



Wireless

Bidirectional position attention lightweight network for massive MIMO CSI feedback 

李军 王昱凯 张志晨 何波 郑文静 林霏

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2024, 31 (5). doi： 10.19682/j.cnki.1005-8885.2024.0018

摘要 ( 167 ) PDF (1411 KB)( 89 )

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In frequency division duplex ( FDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output ( MIMO) systems, a bidirectional positional attention network ( BPANet) was proposed to address the high computational complexity and low accuracy of existing deep learning-based channel state information ( CSI) feedback methods. Specifically, a bidirectional position attention module ( BPAM) was designed in the BPANet to improve the network performance. The BPAM captures the distribution characteristics of the CSI matrix by integrating channel and spatial dimension information, thereby enhancing the feature representation of the CSI matrix. Furthermore, channel attention is decomposed into two one-dimensional (1D) feature encoding processes effectively reducing computational costs. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with the existing representative method complex input lightweight neural network ( CLNet), BPANet reduces computational complexity by an average of 19. 4% and improves accuracy by an average of 7. 1% . Additionally, it performs better in terms of running time delay and cosine similarity.




Recognition of LPI radar signal based on dual efficient network

李辉 秦怡博 侯庆华 程远洋

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2024, 31 (5). doi： 10.19682/j.cnki.1005-8885.2024.0022

摘要 ( 112 ) PDF (4131 KB)( 37 )

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Addressing the issue of low pulse identification rates for low probability of intercept ( LPI) radar signals under low signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR) conditions, this paper aims to investigate a new method in the field of deep learning to recognize modulation types of LPI radar signals efficiently. A novel algorithm combining dual efficient network ( DEN) and non-local means ( NLM) denoising was proposed for the identification and selection of LPI radar signals. Time-domain signals for 12 radar modulation types were simulated, adding Gaussian white noise at various SNRs to replicate complex electronic countermeasure scenarios. On this basis, the noisy radar signals undergo Choi-Williams distribution ( CWD ) time-frequency transformation, converting the signals into two- dimensional (2D) time-frequency images ( TFIs). The TFIs are then denoised using the NLM algorithm. Finally, the denoised data is fed into the designed DEN for training and testing, with the selection results output through a softmax classifier. Simulation results demonstrate that at an SNR of - 8 dB, the algorithm can achieve a recognition accuracy of 97.22% for LPI radar signals, exhibiting excellent performance under low SNR conditions. Comparative demonstrations prove that the DEN has good robustness and generalization performance under conditions of small sample sizes. This research provides a novel and effective solution for further improving the accuracy of identification and selection of LPI radar signals.

Sum rate optimizing for multi-IRS-assisted UAV downlink transmission system using deep reinforcement learning 

龙源 何小利 叶杨 张博

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2024, 31 (5). doi： 10.19682/j.cnki.1005-8885.2024.0021

摘要 ( 97 ) PDF (2088 KB)( 20 )

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By leveraging the high maneuverability of the unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV) and the expansive coverage of the intelligent reflecting surface ( IRS), a multi-IRS-assisted UAV communication system aimed at maximizing the sum data rate of all users was investigated in this paper. This is achieved through the joint optimization of the trajectory and transmit beamforming of the UAV, as well as the passive phase shift of the IRS. Nevertheless, the initial problem exhibits a high degree of non-convexity, posing challenges for conventional mathematical optimization techniques in delivering solutions that are both quick and efficient while maintaining low complexity. To address this issue, a novel scheme called the deep reinforcement learning ( DRL) -based enhanced cooperative reflection network ( DCRN) was proposed. This scheme effectively identifies optimal strategies, with the long short-term memory ( LSTM) network improving algorithm convergence by extracting hidden state information. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the baseline scheme, manifesting substantial enhancements in sum rate and superior performance.

Naive-LSTM enabled service identification of edge computing in power Internet of things 

白晖峰 霍超 张港红 尹志斌

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2024, 31 (5). doi： 10.19682/j.cnki.1005-8885.2024.0016

摘要 ( 108 ) PDF (1101 KB)( 17 )

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Great challenges and demands are presented by increasing edge computing services for current power Internet of things ( Power IoT) to deal with the serious diversity and complexity of these services. To improve the matching degree between edge computing and complex services, the service identification function is necessary for Power IoT. In this paper, a naive long short-term memory ( Naive-LSTM ) based service identification scheme of edge computing devices in the Power IoT was proposed, where the Naive-LSTM model makes full use of the most simplified structure and conducts discretization of the long short-term memory ( LSTM) model. Moreover, the Naive-LSTM based service identification scheme can generate the probability output result to determine the task schedule policy of Power IoT. After well learning operation, these Naive-LSTM classification engine modules in edge computing devices of Power IoT can perform service identification, by obtaining key characteristics from various service traffics. Testing results show that the Naive-LSTM based services identification scheme is feasible and efficient in improving the edge computing ability of the Power IoT.

Parameter estimation of Nakagami-Gamma shadow fading model based on minimum KL divergence

谢文武 周佳琛 熊鸣 欧阳竟成 余超

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2024, 31 (5). doi： 10.19682/j.cnki.1005-8885.2024.0014

摘要 ( 90 ) PDF (1332 KB)( 11 )

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The Nakagami-Gamma ( NG) shadow fading model based on the moment-based method ( MoM) generates lower tail approximation, which is inaccuracy when the gamma random variables are replaced by the lognormal random variables. The channel parameters of composite NG shadow fading based on the method of minimizing the Kullback- Leibler ( KL) divergence were estimated and a closed-form expression for the system bit error rate ( BER) was derived in this paper. The simulation results show that the KL estimated parameters solve the lower tail approximation problem, and the replacement effect of the lognormal function by the gamma function is better than the MoM when the shading parameters are around the typical value of 4 dB - 9 dB. Moreover, the KL method has a lower mean square error ( MSE) value for the channel analysis.

IC and System Design

Design of graph computing accelerator based on reconfigurable PE array

邓军勇 贾彦亭 张宝祥 康钰春 鲁松涛

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2024, 31 (5). doi： 10.19682/j.cnki.1005-8885.2024.0013

摘要 ( 124 ) PDF (6157 KB)( 36 )

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Due to the diversity of graph computing applications, the power-law distribution of graph data, and the high compute-to-memory ratio, traditional architectures face significant challenges regarding poor flexibility, imbalanced workload distribution, and inefficient memory access when executing graph computing tasks. Graph computing accelerator, GraphApp, based on a reconfigurable processing element ( PE) array was proposed to address the challenges above. GraphApp utilizes 16 reconfigurable PEs for parallel computation and employs tiled data. By reasonably dividing the data into tiles, load balancing is achieved and the overall efficiency of parallel computation is enhanced. Additionally, it preprocesses graph data using the compressed sparse columns independently ( CSCI) data compression format to alleviate the issue of low memory access efficiency caused by the high memory access-to-computation ratio. Lastly, GraphApp is evaluated using triangle counting ( TC) and depth-first search ( DFS) algorithms. Performance analysis is conducted by measuring the execution time of these algorithms in GraphApp against existing typical graph frameworks, Ligra, and GraphBIG, using six datasets from the Stanford Network Analysis Project ( SNAP) database. The results show that GraphApp achieves a maximum performance improvement of 30.86 % compared to Ligra and 20.43 % compared to GraphBIG when processing the same datasets.




Broadband low noise amplifier design based on self-bias

杨小峰 董萍艳

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2024, 31 (5). doi： 10.19682/j.cnki.1005-8885.2024.0017

摘要 ( 102 ) PDF (1161 KB)( 19 )

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A 20 GHz - 24 GHz three-stage low noise amplifier ( LNA) was implemented using the GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor ( PHEMT) process. The schematic design and optimization of the LNA were carried out using advanced design system ( ADS). The three-stage series structure is used to increase the gain of the amplifier. Additionally, a self-biasing network and negative feedback circuit can expand the bandwidth while increasing the stability of the circuit and obtaining better input matching and noise. The test results show that the gain in the 20 GHz - 24 GHz band is greater than 20 dB, the noise figure ( NF) is 2. 1 dB, and the input and output reflection coefficients are less than - 10 dB, which meets the design requirements. The amplifier serves a wide range of applications, including wireless communications, radar systems, satellite communications, and other areas that require high-frequency amplification to enhance system performance and sensitivity.




Artificial Intelligence

Fast Fourier transform convolutional neural network accelerator based on overlap addition

游晨 李德建 冯曦 沈冲飞 魏继增 刘昱

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2024, 31 (5). doi： 10.19682/j.cnki.1005-8885.2024.0015

摘要 ( 135 ) PDF (2872 KB)( 36 )

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In convolutional neural networks ( CNNs), the floating-point computation in the traditional convolutional layer is enormous, and the execution speed of the network is limited by intensive computing, which makes it challenging to meet the real-time response requirements of complex applications. This work is based on the principle that the time domain convolution result equals the frequency domain point multiplication result to reduce the amount of floating- point calculations for convolution. The input feature map and the convolution kernel are converted to the frequency domain by the fast Fourier transform( FFT), and the corresponding point multiplication is performed. Then the frequency domain result is converted back to the time domain, and the output result of the convolution is obtained. In the shared CNN, the input feature map is much larger than the convolution kernel, resulting in many invalid operations. The overlap addition method is proposed to reduce invalid calculations and speed up network execution better. This work designs a hardware accelerator for frequency domain convolution and verifies its efficiency on the Xilinx Zynq UltraScale + MPSoC ZCU102 board. Comparing the calculation time of visual geometry group 16 ( VGG16 ) under the ImageNet dataset faster than the traditional time domain convolution, the hardware acceleration of frequency domain convolution is 8. 5 times.

Trusted detection for Parkinson’s disease based on uncertainty estimation

周林 李云 Ji Wei 刘宇轩 郑慧芬

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2024, 31 (5). doi： 10.19682/j.cnki.1005-8885.2024.0019

摘要 ( 73 ) PDF (662 KB)( 20 )

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Currently, most deep learning methods used for Parkinson’s disease ( PD) detection lack reliability assessment. This characteristic makes it is difficult to identify erroneous results in practice, leading to potentially serious consequences. To address this issue, a prior network with the distance measure ( PNDM) layer was proposed in this paper. PNDM layer consists of two modules: prior network ( PN) and the distance measure ( DM) layer. The prior network is employed to estimate data uncertainty, and the DM layer is utilized to estimate model uncertainty. The goal of this work is to provide accurate and reliable PD detection through uncertainty estimation. Experiments show that PNDM layer can effectively estimate both model uncertainty and data uncertainty, rendering it more suitable for uncertainty estimation in PD detection compared to existing methods.