本期目录

2015年 22卷 4期 刊出日期：2015-08-28



Artificial Intelligence

Design and validation of high speed true random number generators based on prime-length ring oscillators

廖宁 蒋定 白创 Zou Xuecheng

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2015, 22 (4). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(15)60661-6

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This paper presents a wide supply voltage range, high speed true random number generator (TRNG) based on ring oscillators, which have different prime number of inverters. And a simple Von Neumann corrector as post processing is also realized to improve data randomness. Prototypes have been implemented and fabricated in 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology with a wide range of supply voltage from 1.8 V to 3.6 V. The circuit occupies 4 500 μm2, and dissipates minimum 160 μW of power with sampling frequency of 20 MHz. Output bit rate range is from 100 kbit/s to 20 Mbit/s. Statistical test results, which were achieved from the dieHard battery of tests, demonstrate that output random numbers have a well characteristic of randomness

Trusted Domain Hierarchical Model Based on Noninterference Theory

张磊 陈兴蜀 刘亮 金鑫

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2015, 22 (4). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(15)60662-8

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To ensure the integrity and security of cloud tenants’ workload, and to prevent unexpected interference among tenants, cloud platform must make sure that system behaviors are trusted. By analyzing threats that exist in the cloud platform, a novel trusted domain hierarchical model (TDHM) based on noninterference theory was proposed in this paper to solve these problems. First of all, the abstraction modeling of tenants’ computing environment and trusted domain (TD) were introduced for designing TDHM with formal methods. Secondly, corresponding constraints for trusted running were given to satisfy security requirements of tenants’ TD, and security properties of TDHM ware analyzed. After that, trusted behavior of TD was defined based on these properties, and the decision theorem of that was proved. It illustrated that the design and implementation of TD in cloud followed the model with characteristics of trusted behavior. Finally, the implementation of prototype system was introduced based on our previous work, and evaluation results showed that the performance loss was in the acceptable range.

Proof of Retrievability Based on LDPC Codes

卞建超 刘会霞 罗守山 查雅行 李伟

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2015, 22 (4). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(15)60663-X

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In order to reduce the computational overhead of proof of retrievability (POR) scheme, a new POR scheme based on low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is proposed, noted as LDPC-POR. In the model of PORs scheme, the client preprocesses the data and sends it to an untrusted server for storage, only keeping some metadata. Then, the client sends a challenge to the server to prove that the data stored at the server has neither been tampered nor deleted. In the setup phase of this scheme, the client uses LDPC code to encode the data, and blinds data with permutation and pseudo-random stream. In the challenge phase, the server generates the proof completely based on exclusive OR (XOR), after that the client makes use of the LDPC code to prove the validity of proof. The theoretical analysis shows that this scheme not only reduces the computational overhead, but also saves storage space compared with the classical scheme. In the meantime security proof is also provided in this paper showing that this scheme is feasible.

Multivariate spectral estimation based on THREE

Li Ying, Wang Jian, Song Zhanjie

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2015, 22 (4). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(15)60664-1

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Power spectrum estimation is to use the limited length of data to estimate the power spectrum of the signal. In this paper, we study the recently proposed tunable high-resolution estimator (THREE), which is based on the best approximation to a given spectrum, with respect to different notions of distance between power spectral densities. We propose and demonstrate a different distance for the optimization part to estimate the multivariate spectrum. Its effectiveness is tested through Matlab simulation. Simulation shows that our approach constitutes a valid estimation procedure. And we also demonstrate the superiority of the method, which is more reliable and effective compared with the standard multivariate identification techniques.

Two Security Transmission Realization Schemes for MIMO Gaussian Wiretap Channel with One Helper

谢显中 张秀娟 雷维嘉 马彬

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2015, 22 (4). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(15)60665-3

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This paper presents noncooperative and cooperative security transmission schemes for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Gaussian wiretap channel with one helper for antenna configuration with arbitrary number. In these two schemes, the transmitter performs beamforming based on generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD), where an appropriate power allocation algorithm is utilized. Meanwhile, the helper sends artificial noise for higher secrecy rate. However, the transmission strategies for the artificial noise are different in the two schemes. In the first scheme, the helper adopts GSVD-based beamforming. Nevertheless, in this scheme, the impact of the artificial noise on the information signal at the receiver is not considered. To solve the problem, the helper performs space projection (SP)-based beamforming in the second scheme. In this scheme, suboptimal weighting factors are introduced to reduce the computational complexity, which can be adapted to the change of the channel quality. Theoretical analysis for the performance of the two proposed schemes is then given. Furthermore, simulation results indicate that the two presented schemes perform better than the existed schemes without helper. They also show that in the second scheme the suboptimal parameter setting is better than equal parameter setting and quite close to optimal parameter setting.

Wireless

Performance of OFDM AF relay system with subcarrier mapping in the presence of carrier frequency offsets

LI Ju-hu,Huang Jing, Nie Juan

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2015, 22 (4). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(15)60666-5

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This article deals with the performance analysis of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system with subcarrier mapping (SCM) in the presence of carrier frequency offset (CFO). Although SCM in an OFDM system has been investigated extensively, nevertheless, the bit error rate (BER) of the system with CFO is not yet available in the literature. This paper presents the BER analysis of a dual hop OFDM AF relay system with ordered subcarrier paring schemes, i.e., best-to-worst (BTW) SCM and best-to-best (BTB) SCM. Accurate close-form expressions are derived for end-to-end BER while considering a dual-hop fixed gain AF relaying system with CFO in Rayleigh fading channel. To provide more insights, their closed-form asymptotic expressions are then obtained. It is shown that the presence of CFO causes the BER of system maintain a fixed level even while signal-to noise ratio (SNR) is in high regime. The simulation results verify that the derived average BER expressions are accurate in Rayleigh fading channel.

Null steering antenna beamforming utilizing space-time adaptive processing

曾浩 Zeeshan Ahmad 董涛 刘玲

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2015, 22 (4). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(15)60667-7

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A new architecture of null steering antenna based upon the technology of space-time adaptive processing (STAP) with optimized parameters is proposed. The new STAP antenna is comprised of multiple channels and each channel is a transversal filter. So separate sensor element for the reference signal is not required because the antenna gets the reference signal from the first sensor of the auxiliary array. Furthermore, the least mean square (LMS) algorithm is employed to calculate the weight vector. Detailed analysis about the relationship between noise power and output error is investigated. Compared with the traditional null steering antenna in space or space-time domain, the new approach obtains more freedom degrees and can suppress both the wideband and narrowband interferences more efficiently with deeper nulls. Simulation results shows that the proposed architecture outperforms the conventional STAP techniques for interference suppression.

Analysis of maximum traffic intensity for guaranteed handover and channel complete sharing scheme under pre-set QoS requirements in LEO-MSS

廖明霞 刘元安 袁东明 胡鹤飞 冉静

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2015, 22 (4). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(15)60668-9

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The maximum traffic intensity supported by a low earth orbit (LEO) mobile satellite system (MSS) (LEO-MSS) is important in practical application for providing satisfactory service. An analytical approach is proposed for determining the maximum traffic intensity of guaranteed handover (GH) scheme and channel complete sharing (CCS) scheme in LEO-MSS under quality of service (QoS) constraints. By evaluating performance of these two schemes, the relationship between the traffic intensity and the QoS constraints is established. The expressions of maximum traffic intensity of GH scheme and CCS scheme are deduced. Compared with the traditional method, the proposed analytical approach is more computationally efficient owing to the needlessness of the repeated iteration calculation. It also avoids the complex choice of the initial value of new call traffic intensity and its increment. Lastly, the accuracy and validity of the analysis approach have been verified by computer simulations.

Clustering routing algorithm of self-energized wireless sensor networks based on solar energy harvesting

姚玉坤 余志龙 王冠

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2015, 22 (4). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(15)60669-0

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Aiming at the problems of existing clustering routing algorithm of self-energized wireless sensor networks (WSNs) on fixed threshold for resurrection, incapacitates reappoint cluster head in the next round and lack of election limit, this paper proposes a novel clustering routing algorithm for self-energized WSNs clustering routing algorithm based on solar energy harvesting (CRBS) algorithm. The algorithm puts forward a threshold sensitive resurrection mechanism, reviving the node when harvesting energy reaches the set soft or hard energy threshold. Meanwhile, combined with current energy harvesting level, cluster head node can decide whether to reappoint the cluster head in the next round. What’s more, CRBS optimizes the cluster head election threshold to limit the incompetent node in election. Combined with the solar energy harvesting simulation, the results show that CRBS algorithm can better keep the default cluster head proportion, and outperforms energy balanced clustering with self-energization (EBCS) algorithm in terms of surviving nodes number and the success ratio of data transmission

Networks

Energy efficiency enhancement in heterogeneous networks: a joint resource allocation approach

孙昱婧 王永斌 李屹

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2015, 22 (4). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(15)60670-7

摘要 ( 1419 ) PDF (0 KB)( 146 )

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To support the drastic growth of wireless multimedia services and the requirements of ubiquitous access, numerous wireless infrastructures which consume enormous energy, such as macrocell, small cell, distributed antenna systems and wireless sensor networks, have been deployed. Under the background of environmental protection, improving the energy efficiency (EE) in wireless networks is becoming more and more important. In this paper, an EE enhancement scheme in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) by using a joint resource allocation approach is proposed. The HetNets consists of a mix of macrocell and small cells. Firstly, we model this strategic coexistence as a multi-agent system in which decentralized resource management inspired from Reinforcement Learning are devised. Secondly, a Q-learning based joint resource allocation algorithm is designed. Meanwhile, with the consideration of the time-varying channel characteristics, we take the long-term learning reward into account. At last, simulation results show that the proposed decentralized algorithm can approximate to centralized algorithm with low-complexity and obtain high spectral efficiency (SE) in the meantime.

Optimizing CMT performance by joint predictions of bandwidth and RTT

李文 王文博 景晓军 刘文

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2015, 22 (4). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(15)60671-9

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CMT uses the stream control transmission protocol’s (SCTPs) multihoming feature to distribute data across multiple end-to-end paths in a multihomed SCTP association. As the disparity of multipaths, it is facing a great challenge to solve the disorder of the received data packets. To lighten the reordering degree and then to improve the throughput performance, we need to estimate the real-time paths’ bandwidth and round trip time (RTT) as exactly as possible. In this paper, we use the extended vector (ext-vec) Kalman filter (KF) to predict the available bandwidth and RTT of each path simultaneously. Based on this, we propose a predictive path selection algorithm for CMT in SCTP. To simulate and compare the algorithms’ performance, two kinds of scenarios, bandwidth sensitive scenario and time and bandwidth sensitive scenario, are built and NS-2 is used. The simulation results show that the path selection algorithm can lessen the data packets disordering by correctly predicting each path’s bandwidth and RTT in real time. Comparing the existing algorithms, the algorithm can converge more quickly and can improve the system total throughput in a certain extent in bandwidth sensitive scenario. To time and bandwidth sensitive scenario, it can greatly improve the convergence speed and total throughput.

Resource scheduling virtualization in service-oriented future Internet architecture

李澜 陈建亚 崔鸿雁 黄韬 刘韵洁

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2015, 22 (4). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(15)60672-0

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Service-oriented future internet architecture (SOFIA) is a clean-slate network architecture. In SOFIA, a service request is mainly processed through service resolution and network resource allocation. To realize the network resource allocation, we reference the idea of network virtualization and propose resource scheduling virtualization. In resource scheduling virtualization, a service request is abstracted as a virtual network (VN) and the network resources are allocated by mapping the VN onto the physical network. Resource scheduling virtualization provides centralized resource scheduling control within an autonomous system (AS) and achieves better controllability compared with the distributed schemes. Besides, resource scheduling virtualization supports multi-site selection as well. Meanwhile, we propose a collection of resource scheduling algorithms based on maximum resource tree (MRT) adapting to different scenarios. According to the simulation results, the proposed algorithms show good performance on the key metrics, such as acceptance ratio, revenue, cost and utilization. Moreover, the simulation results reveal that our algorithm is more efficient than the traditional ones.