本期目录

2010年 17卷 1期 刊出日期：2010-02-28



Wireless

Chain store game based channel allocation in cognitive radio system

李金龙,朱平,王煦法

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60417-9

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In adaptive channel allocation for secondary user (SU) of cognitive radio (CR) system, it is necessary to consider allocation process from the temporal perspective. In this article, a chain store game is modeled to achieve SU’s equilibrium state. Due to the computational complexity of solving equilibrium states, the authors explore the correlated equilibrium (CE) by importing signal mechanisms based on time and sequence number. Also, correlated equilibrium based game algorithms are presented. Simulations show that these algorithms are superior to other allocation algorithms both in channel utilization and communication time.

Coexistence of 2.4 GHz sensor networks in home environment

霍宏伟 ,Youzhi Xu (瑞典) ,Mikael Gidlund(瑞典) ,张宏科


中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60418-0

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The IEEE 802.15.4 is one of the low-layer communication standards for personal area networks (PANs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) , which may be interfered by other wireless devices in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) frequency bands, especially in home environment, such as devices of IEEE 802.11b, Bluetooth, cordless telephone, and microwave oven radiation. This article examines the mutual interference effects of 2.4 GHz devices widely deployed at home, via both theoretical analysis and real-life experiment. An analytical model is proposed to estimate the packet error rate (PER) of radio frequency (RF) coexistent networks. The model is verified through a series of experiments. The experimental results also show that Bluetooth has little impact of interference on IEEE 802.15.4 sensor networks, and that the effect of microwave oven radiation on IEEE 802.15.4 sensor devices is tolerable if the device is a few meters away from the oven. Whereas, IEEE 802.11b wireless networks can cause problems to IEEE 802.15.4, however the effects can be significantly reduced by a proper channel selection. This article also proposes the interference duration model, which will be helpful in modeling of coexistence simulation. Simulation results show that the stationary scenario obeys the experiments result very well.

Partial channel information feedback mechanism for
FFR-based multi-channel systems

郤伟,尹长川,孙红梅,乐光新

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60419-2

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This article puts forward a partial channel state information (CSI) feedback scheme for fractional frequency reuse (FFR)-based orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. Efficient CSI feedback strategy plays an important role in opportunistic scheduling because base station (BS) can employ adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) technique to adaptively change transmission rates according to CSI feedback, and therefore the spectrum efficiency can be improved significantly. On the other hand, FFR is a simple but effective technique to improve the throughput of users at cell edge. To exploit opportunistic scheduling in FFR-based OFDMA systems, both users and spectrum are divided into multiple groups in this article, and specific feedback pattern is designed for each user group on each spectrum sub-band. Simulations results prove that the proposed algorithm can reduce the feedback load significantly, while maintain nearly the same performance as the system with full feedback.

Transmit-reference UWB system based on m-sequence codes

赵琳莉，吕铁军，乔永伟

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60420-9

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In this article, a novel transmit-reference (TR) signaling scheme is proposed for ultra-wideband (UWB) system, where by invoking m-sequence codes the reference and data pulses can be transmitted side by side to increase the data rate. This structure enables demodulation with a simple and practical autocorrelation receiver despite existence of severe inter-pulse interference (IPI). To evaluate detection performance of the new designs, closed-form expression for bit error probability (BRP) is theoretically derived and simulation results confirm the analytical results. In addition, the proposed scheme can be extended to M-ary systems to further improve the data rate and power efficiency.

Triple broadband compact planar inverted F antenna
for WLAN and WiMAX

杨军,李校林, 赵为粮

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60430-1

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This article proposes a novel antenna structure by slot loading method based on the planar inverted F antenna (PIFA), which is fed by coaxial probe. The antenna structure consists of a new and flexible slot array including five slots. To reveal the mechanism of slot loading in creating new and broad frequency band, the article discusses the performance of the five slots in detail. Simulations with Ansoft HFSS 10.0 indicate that the 10 dB relative impedance bandwidth can reach 17.2 %, 8.9 % and 12.1 % that covers 2.40/3.30/5.15/5.725 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) and world interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) bands. Meanwhile, the antenna has stable radiation pattern, high gain and low profile. Especially, the slot array is flexible and capable of being realized in various application cases. Actually the design reaches broadband, multi-band, miniaturization, high gain and is easy to fabricate.

Performance of power control in inter-cell
interference coordination for frequency reuse

章辉,许晓东,李静雅,陶小峰,许方敏

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60421-0

摘要 ( 2627 ) PDF (0 KB)( 103 )

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To mitigate inter-cell interference in 3G evolution systems, a novel inter-cell interference coordination scheme called soft fractional frequency reuse is proposed in this article, which enables to improve the data rate in cell-edge. On this basis, an inter-cell power control is presented for the inter-cell interference coordination, and the inter-cell balanced signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) among users is established for power allocation, which enables mitigation of inter-cell interference. Especially, the power control is based on a novel exponential kernel equation at higher convergence speed than the traditional arithmetic kernel equations. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme improves the throughput and reduces the blocking rate compared to the existing power control algorithms.

Comparison of downlink transmission strategies
for distributed antenna systems with multi-antenna arrays

王坦,王莹,孙锴,陈子雄

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60422-2

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In multi-user distributed antenna systems (DAS), the scenario where each distributed antenna port is a multi-antenna array has not been comprehensively studied. In this article, four simple extended methods for downlink transmission are analyzed and compared in this scenario, two of which are based on the block diagonalization (BD) algorithm, namely joint BD and intra BD method. The other two methods are joint time division multiplexing (TDM) method and central antenna system (CAS) method. These four methods are evaluated through both theoretic analysis and insightful simulations. The theoretic analysis includes the receiving signal combination, post-processing signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) calculation. It shows that the intra BD method requires less channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) and has lower computational complexity and process latency. Simulation results show that the joint BD method provides the best performance, and the intra BD method suffers little performance loss. Overall, the intra BD method is proved to be an optimal tradeoff which achieves high capacity, especially for the cell edge users, with relatively low complexity when power constraints are considered.

SER bound for ordered ZF-SIC receiver in M-QAM MIMO system

韩娟，崔琪楣，陶小峰，张平

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60423-4

摘要 ( 3552 ) PDF (0 KB)( 110 )

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With the advances of the 4th generation (4G) mobile communications targeting multi-user QoS-guaranteed multimedia services, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) combined with multi-level quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) technique gains great popularity for its capability of supporting high data rate. In this article, the statistical distribution of signal to noise plus interference ratio (SINR) in each recursive step of optimal ordered zero-forcing perfect successive interference cancellation (ZF-OOPSIC) detection is deduced based on order statistics theory. The symbol error rate (SER) of M-QAM MIMO system with ZF-OOPSIC detector is analyzed under flat Rayleigh fading channel. This precise analytical SER result could be taken as the lower bound of various zero-forcing ordered successive interference cancellation (ZF-OSIC) receivers. Combining the analytical SER expression for linear zero-forcing (ZF) receiver as upper bound, the rough range of SER for various ZF-OSIC detectors could be obtained. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations validate the analytical results and prove the conclusions.

Improving amplify-and-forward relay
selection algorithm based on partial relay link

王飞飞 ,刘元安, 林晓峰 ,谢刚

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60424-6

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This article addresses the design problem of selecting an appropriate relay in amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative diversity systems. In this regard, this article focuses on relay selection based on partial channel knowledge only across the source and relay links. In particular, the two fundamental questions will be answered, that is, whether to cooperate and whom to cooperate with. Through answering these two questions, an improved relay selection strategy based on partial relay link, which emphasizes that cooperation happens when necessary, is proposed to aim at maximizing the average mutual information. Then a joint optimization, in terms of power allocation and relay selection, is employed to guarantee a robust performance for relay selection based on partial relay link. Optimum power is allocated between the source and the selected relay to maximize the output signal-to-noise (SNR) at the destination. Simulation results turn out that the improved scheme can achieve better performance than previous work and the robust performance can be guaranteed by employing joint optimization.

Artificial Intelligence

Performance analysis of sign quantized projection

叶天语、马兆丰、钮心忻、杨义先

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60425-8

摘要 ( 2997 ) PDF (0 KB)( 107 )

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Quantized projection technology (QP) is the version of quantization index modulation (QIM) working in the projection domain. It essentially belongs to a double-sided additive embedder. In this article, the concept of sign quantized projection (SQP) is proposed, which differs from the conventional QP when working as a single-sided embedder. Theoretical analysis reveals that SQP has the same probability of miss and probability of false alarm as QP. Also, the document-to-watermark ratio (DWR) of SQP is less than its counterpart of QP by dB.Quantized projection technology (QP) is the version of quantization index modulation (QIM) working in the projection domain. It essentially belongs to a double-sided additive embedder. In this article, the concept of sign quantized projection (SQP) is proposed, which differs from the conventional QP when working as a single-sided embedder. Theoretical analysis reveals that SQP has the same probability of miss and probability of false alarm as QP. Also, the document-to-watermark ratio (DWR) of SQP is less than its counterpart of QP by dB.Quantized projection technology (QP) is the version of quantization index modulation (QIM) working in the projection domain. It essentially belongs to a double-sided additive embedder. In this article, the concept of sign quantized projection (SQP) is proposed, which differs from the conventional QP when working as a single-sided embedder. Theoretical analysis reveals that SQP has the same probability of miss and probability of false alarm as QP. Also, the document-to-watermark ratio (DWR) of SQP is less than its counterpart of QP by dB.Quantized projection technology (QP) is the version of quantization index modulation (QIM) working in the projection domain. It essentially belongs to a double-sided additive embedder. In this article, the concept of sign quantized projection (SQP) is proposed, which differs from the conventional QP when working as a single-sided embedder. Theoretical analysis reveals that SQP has the same probability of miss and probability of false alarm as QP. Also, the document-to-watermark ratio (DWR) of SQP is less than its counterpart of QP by dB.

On behavior of two-dimensional cellular automata with
an exceptional rule under periodic boundary condition

翟莹,易忠,邓培民

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60426-X

摘要 ( 2055 ) PDF (0 KB)( 107 )

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This article deals with the behavior of two-dimensional (2-D) cellular automata (CA) with a special rule under periodic boundary condition by using matrix algebra. The important characteristics of CA have been studied, such as Garden of Eden (GOE), maximal transient length, maximal cycle length and so forth. Several necessary and sufficient conditions are provided, which guarantee a given configuration of being a GOE in different cases. Besides, algorithms are proposed to obtain the number of GOEs, the maximal transient length, and the maximal cycle length in such a CA with the rule mentioned above under periodic condition.

Epidemic spreading on scale-free networks with diversity
of node anti-attack abilities

宋玉蓉 , 蒋国平

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60427-1

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In this article, a modified susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model is proposed to study the influence of diversity of node anti-attack abilities on the threshold of propagation in scale-free networks. In particular, a vulnerability function related to node degree is introduced into the model to describe the diversity of a node anti-attack ability. Analytical results are derived using the mean-field theory and it is observed that the diversity of anti-attack of nodes in scale-free networks can increase effectively the threshold of epidemic propagation. The simulation results agree with the analytical results. The results show that the vulnerability functions can help adopt appropriate immunization strategies.

PEM: a lightweight program memory encryption mechanism
for embedded processor

霍文捷,刘政林,邹雪城

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60428-3

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Application of embedded systems is faced with multiple threats against security. To solve this problem, this article proposes a new program memory encryption mechanism (PEM) to enhance the security of embedded processor. The new mechanism encrypts all the programs via a secure cache structure. It not only caches the instructions read from the off-chip memory, but also stores the pad values used to encrypt the plaintext. It effectively accelerates encryption and reduces the performance overhead. Besides the encryption, PEM also monitors the program modifications and reset behaviors to reduce the risk of vicious tamper. The experiment indicates that PEM has an average of 2.3 % performance improvement and results in a 25.71 % power reduction in the write-back stage. The new scheme offers a good balance between performance and security. It is fully practicable for embedded processor.

Others

Resource allocation based on sealed-bid auction
algorithm in pervasive computing

张蕾,田辉


中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60429-5

摘要 ( 2269 ) PDF (0 KB)( 105 )

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Pervasive computing, which requires applications composed of independent and distributed components, is an important domain for dynamic ubiquitous heterogeneous environment. However, one of the critical challenges it faces is resource allocation. To overcome the difficulty, enhanced universal service terminal (UST+) is designed as a reflective middleware combined distributed components with particular features to achieve user goals. Moreover, a novel algorithm based on microeconomics is presented to resolve conflicting resource allocation and is implemented on top of the UST+. Besides, an example outlines how this algorithm is used in pervasive computing, and the simulation results illustrate that the proposed mechanism can achieve high performance at low cost.

Toward path reliability by using adaptive multi-path routing
mechanism for multimedia service in mobile Ad-hoc network

甄岩、武穆清、吴大鹏、孙兵、徐春秀

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60431-3

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Traditional multi-path routing mechanisms aim to establish complete node or link disjoint paths. However, under some circumstances if multiple paths cannot be established based on the current network topology, the traditional multi-path routing mechanism will degenerate into single path routing mechanism, thus the advantages of multi-path routing cannot be exhibited. To enhance the end-to-end path reliability, an adaptive multi-path routing mechanism with path segment is proposed, in which multi-path can be established at part of the end-to-end path. In this way the reliability of the path can be enhanced. This path segment mechanism can divide the end-to-end path into several short segments, and a parallel forwarding mechanism is proposed for guaranteeing the quality of service of multimedia services over the wireless network. Simulations show that the network performance metrics such as the packet delivery ratio, the end-to-end delay and the number of route discoveries are all improved by using the adaptive multi-path routing mechanism.

Experimental demonstration and analysis of all-optical label swapping based on RZ-DQPSK/IRZ-ASK modulation format

袁学光,张锦南,张阳安,张明伦,黄永清,任晓敏

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60432-5

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A novel optical return zero differential quadrature phase shifted keying/inverse return zero amplitude shifted keying (RZ-DQPSK/IRZ-ASK) orthogonal modulation format scheme for all-optical label swapping is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The transmission characteristics of RZ-DQPSK/IRZ-ASK modulation format transmission system are demonstrated. Results show that high extinction ratio is obtained for IRZ-ASK label signal while at the same time the all-optical label swapping, differential quadrature phase shifted keying (DQPSK) payload signal is hardly affected. It requires only 0.9 dB higher power penalty compared to 21.4 Gbit/s RZ-DQPSK modulation format and less than 2 dB transmission penalty after 60 km. The proposed scheme is a practical solution for meeting the data rate and cost-efficiency of the optical links simultaneously in future all-optical label swapping.

Calculation of valence band structures of InAs/GaAs quantum ring
and quantum dot: using numerical Fourier transform method

贾博雍,俞重远,刘玉敏,田宏达


中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60433-7

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This article puts forward a new method in calculating the band structures of low-dimensional semiconductor structures. In this study, the valence band structures of InAs/GaAs quantum ring and lens-shaped quantum dot are calculated with four-band model, in the framework of effective-mass envelope function theory. To determine the Hamiltonian matrix elements, this article develops the numerical Fourier transform method instead of the widely used analytical integral method. The valence band mixing is considered. The hole energy levels change dramatically with the geometrical parameters of the quantum ring and quantum dot. It is demonstrated that numerical Fourier transform method can be adopted in low-dimensional structures with any shape. The results of Fourier transform method are consistent with the ones of analytical integral in literature; and they are helpful for studying and fabricating optoelectronic devices.

Using optorsim to efficiently simulate replica placement strategies

任勋益,王汝传,孔强

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60434-9

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Optorsim provides simulations of file replication strategies such as replica placement, replication scheduling, replica consistency maintenance, etc. However, to assess a replica strategy a researcher must write network configuration files and repeatedly modify parameters, which is inefficient. In this article, a scale-free algorithm is developed to generate network topology which is loaded into Optorsim, and a graphical user interface (GUI) is implemented to set all configuration parameters and algorithm parameters. Moreover, a new replica placement strategy, the replica creation (RC) algorithm, is proposed based on ‘social ability’. Through the GUI, parameters could be conveniently modified to debug proposed algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that the RC algorithm can reduce both processing time and storage consumption. Meanwhile, the simulation experience shows that working with Optorsim through the GUI is efficient.

Fast bowtie effect elimination for MODIS L1B data

任瑞治,郭树旭,顾玲嘉

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60435-0

摘要 ( 2454 ) PDF (0 KB)( 111 )

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The bowtie effect refers to geometry distortions for the moderate resolution imaging spectrum-radiometer (MODIS) level 1B (L1B) data. Till now, to eliminate the bowtie effect, numerous methods are proposed. However, most of them have limitations in computation efficiency. Through a comparative study of existing methods, this article puts forward a fast method to eliminate the bowtie effect using the ephemeris data. In this method, the rough positions of overlapping data are first detected. Because of the influence caused by the instrument characters and the earth’s curvature, the positions of overlapping data need to be rectified to obtain more precise results. The optimal rectification method used in this article is selected by comparing three methods. By using the optimal method, the rectified MODIS data can be obtained. The experiments demonstrate that the bowtie effect can be eliminated in less than 1 s. In contrast, other traditional methods spend at least 3 s, thus the proposed method is faster and more effective.

Velocity measurement based on orthogonal CCD
shadow photograph system in Ballistic range

罗红娥,顾金良,陈平,夏言,郭建国,栗保明

中国邮电高校学报(英文版), 2010, 17 (1). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(09)60436-2

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A method of measuring the velocity of fast moving object by charge coupled device (CCD) shadow photograph system is developed. This system consists of high resolution orthogonal CCD cameras, time detecting device and the pulsed laser which can generate two short laser pulses with adjustable interval more than 100 μs. Experiments are conducted to measure the velocity of the flying steel ball. The results show that the proposed velocity measurement is effective in modern ballistic measurement.