(k, n) halftone visual cryptography based on Shamir‘s secret sharing

doi:10. 19682/ j. cnki. 1005-8885. 2018. 1007

中国邮电高校学报(英文) ›› 2018, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2): 60-76.doi: 10. 19682/ j. cnki. 1005-8885. 2018. 1007

(k, n) halftone visual cryptography based on Shamir‘s secret sharing

Ding Haiyang, Li Zichen, Bi Wei

1. College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China;
2. Information Security Center, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
3. Seele Tech Corporation, San Francisco 94107, USA; 4. Zsbatech Corporation, Beijing 100088, China

收稿日期:2017-12-07 修回日期:2018-05-18 出版日期:2018-04-30 发布日期:2018-07-02
通讯作者: Ding Haiyang, E-mail: 13810284215@163. com E-mail:13810284215@163.com
作者简介:Ding Haiyang, E-mail: 13810284215@163. com
基金资助:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 61370188 ), the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education ( KM201610015002, KM201510015009 ), the Beijing City Board of Education Science and Technology Key Project ( KZ201510015015, KZ201710015010 ), Project of Beijing Municipal College Improvement Plan ( PXM2017 _ 014223 _ 000063), BIGC Project (Ec201802, Ed201803, Ea201806).

(k, n) halftone visual cryptography based on Shamir‘s secret sharing

Ding Haiyang, Li Zichen, Bi Wei

1. College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China;
2. Information Security Center, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
3. Seele Tech Corporation, San Francisco 94107, USA; 4. Zsbatech Corporation, Beijing 100088, China

Received:2017-12-07 Revised:2018-05-18 Online:2018-04-30 Published:2018-07-02
Contact: Ding Haiyang, E-mail: 13810284215@163. com E-mail:13810284215@163.com
About author:Ding Haiyang, E-mail: 13810284215@163. com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 61370188 ), the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education ( KM201610015002, KM201510015009 ), the Beijing City Board of Education Science and Technology Key Project ( KZ201510015015, KZ201710015010 ), Project of Beijing Municipal College Improvement Plan ( PXM2017 _ 014223 _ 000063), BIGC Project (Ec201802, Ed201803, Ea201806).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： (k, n) halftone visual cryptography (HVC) is proposed based on Shamir‘s secret sharing (HVCSSS), and through this method a binary secret image can be hided into n halftone images, and the secret image can be revealed from any k halftone images. Firstly, using Shamir‘s secret sharing, a binary secret image can be shared into n meaningless shares; secondly, hiding n shares into n halftone images through self-hiding method; and then n extracted shares can be obtained from n halftone images through self-decrypt method; finally, picking any k shares from n extracted shares, the secret image can be revealed by using Lagrange interpolation. The main contribution is that applying Shamir‘s secret sharing to realize a (k, n) HVC, and this method neither requires code book nor suffers from pixel expansion. Experimental results show HVCSSS can realize a (k, n) HVC in gray-scale and color halftone images, and correct decoding rate (CDR) of revealed secret image can be guaranteed.

关键词: Shamir‘s secret sharing, (k, n) VC, self-hiding, self-decrypt, Lagrange interpolation

Abstract: (k, n) halftone visual cryptography (HVC) is proposed based on Shamir‘s secret sharing (HVCSSS), and through this method a binary secret image can be hided into n halftone images, and the secret image can be revealed from any k halftone images. Firstly, using Shamir‘s secret sharing, a binary secret image can be shared into n meaningless shares; secondly, hiding n shares into n halftone images through self-hiding method; and then n extracted shares can be obtained from n halftone images through self-decrypt method; finally, picking any k shares from n extracted shares, the secret image can be revealed by using Lagrange interpolation. The main contribution is that applying Shamir‘s secret sharing to realize a (k, n) HVC, and this method neither requires code book nor suffers from pixel expansion. Experimental results show HVCSSS can realize a (k, n) HVC in gray-scale and color halftone images, and correct decoding rate (CDR) of revealed secret image can be guaranteed.

Key words: Shamir‘s secret sharing, (k, n) VC, self-hiding, self-decrypt, Lagrange interpolation

中图分类号:

TP309.2

Ding Haiyang, Li Zichen, Bi Wei. (k, n) halftone visual cryptography based on Shamir‘s secret sharing[J]. JOURNAL OF CHINA UNIVERSITIES OF POSTS AND TELECOM, 2018, 25(2): 60-76.

参考文献

References
1. Bayers B E. An optimum method for two level rendition of continuous tone pictures. IEEE International Communication Conference, 1973: 2611 -2615
2. Ulichney R A. The void-and-cluster method for dither array generation. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1993: 332 -343
3. Jarvis J F, Judice C N, Ninke W H. A survey of techniques for the display of continuous-tone pictures on bilevel displays. Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 1976, 5(1): 13 -40
4. Stucki P. MECCA-a multiple-error correcting computation algorithm or bilevel image hardcopy reproduction. IBM Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland, Research Report. RZ1060, 1981
5. Floyd R W, Steinberg L. An adaptive algorithm for spatial grayscale. Proc Sid International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 1975: 36 -37
6. Knuth D E. Digital halftones by dot diffusion. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 1987, 6(4): 245 -273
7. Mese M, Vaidyanathan P P. Optimized halftoning using dot diffusion and methods for inverse halftoning. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2000, 9(4): 691 -709
8. Analoui M, Allebach J P. Model based halftoning using direct binary search. Proceedings of SPIE Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display III, 1992, 666: 96 -108
9. Lieberman D J, Allebach J P. Efficient model based halftoning using direct binary search. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 1997: 755 -778
10. Naor M, Shamir A. Visual cryptography. Workshop on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques. EUROCRYPT 1994. Italy: Springer, 1995: 1 -12
11. Ateniese G, Blundo C, Santis A, et al. Extended capabilities for visual cryptography. Theoretical Computer Science, 2001, 250(1 - 2): 143 -161
12. Kafri O, Keren E. Encryption of pictures and shapes by random grids. Optics Letters, 1987, 12(6): 377 -379
13. Chen T, Tsao K. Visual secret sharing by random grids revisited. Pattern Recognition, 2009, 42(9): 2203 -2217
14. Chen T, Tsao K. Threshold visual secret sharing by random grids. Journal of Systems and Software, 2011, 84(7): 1197 -1208
15. Ou D, Wu X, Dai L, et al. Improved tagged visual cryptograms by using random grids. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2014, 8389: 79 -94
16. Hou Y C, Quan Z Y, Tsai C F, et al. Block-based progressive visual secret sharing. Information Sciences, 2013, 233 ( 2 ): 290 -304
17. Yang C N, Lin Y C, Wu C C. Cheating immune block-based progressive visual cryptography. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2014, 8389: 95 -108
18. Wang Z M, Arce G R, Crescenzo G D. Halftone visual cryptography via error diffusion. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2009, 4(3): 383 -396
19. Yan X H, Wang S, Niu X M, et al. Halftone visual cryptography with minimum auxiliary black pixels and uniform image quality. Digital Signal Processing: A Review Journal, 2015, 38: 53 -65
20. Guo Y F, Au O C, Tang K, et al. Data hiding in dot diffused halftone images. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2011: 1 -6
21. Guo Y F, Au O C, Tang K, et al. Hiding a secret pattern into color halftone images. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2014, 8389: 465 -474
22. Ding H Y, Yang Y X. Data hiding in color halftone images based on new conjugate property. Computers and Electrical Engineering. Publish online: 1 July 2016: 1 -15
23. Ding H Y. Realization and extension of data hiding methods in gary-scale halftone images. 2016 International Conference on Applied Mechanics, Electronics and Mechatronics Engineering, 2016: 65 -70
24. Wu X T, Sun W. Visual data hiding in dot diffusion images. 5th International Conference on Computer Sciences and Convergence Information Technology, 2011: 588 -593
25. Chen Y Y, Chen W S. High-quality blind watermarking in halftones using random toggle approach. Multimedia Tools Application. Publish online: 4 April 2017: 1 -23
26. Shen G, Liu F, Fu Z X, et al. Halftone visual cryptography with complementary cover images. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2017, 10082: 223 -237
27. Shamir A. How to share a secret. Communications of the ACM, 1979, 22(11): 612 -613

(k, n) halftone visual cryptography based on Shamir‘s secret sharing

(k, n) halftone visual cryptography based on Shamir‘s secret sharing

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价