本期目录

2014年 21卷 3期 刊出日期：2014-06-30



Wireless

Heterogeneous wireless network selection algorithm based on group decision

张硕 朱琦

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2014, 21 (3). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(14)60294-6

摘要 ( 2379 )

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In the environment of heterogeneous wireless networks, it is vital to select a currently optimal network for applications and subscribers. The use of multiple attribute decision making (MADM) for heterogeneous network selection can provide subscribers with satisfactory service quality. Converting heterogeneous network selection into a MADM problem, the authors present an improved algorithm for MADM based on group decision theory. The algorithm combines weight vectors of multiple attribute decision making to obtain a combinational weight vector. Then the results’ compatibility will be assessed. If they do not meet the requirements of compatibility, the judgment matrix will be modified until a comprehensive vector that satisfies compatibility requirements is produced. The vector is combined with simple weighting method (SAW) for network selection. Simulation shows that the algorithm can provide users with satisfactory quality of service (QoS).

Energy efficiency based multi-relay selection and power allocation in OFDM cooperation networks

王睿 纪红 李曦

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2014, 21 (3). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(14)60295-8

摘要 ( 1511 )

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随着绿色通信技术的发展，无线网络的能量效率也变得越来越重要。但是，在多中继系统中，相关的工作绝大部分是基于端到端的性能，而中继端的能量效率问题还没有得到足够的重视。在本文中，我们考虑在基于放大转发模式的正交频分复用多中继系统中，以节点的能量效率和剩余能量为参数，设计中继是否参与协作的判定标准；提出了基于能量效率的异步功率迭代方法，并证明了该方法中纳什均衡的存在性和收敛性。进一步的，提出了一种子载波配对，中继选择和能量分配的联合优化算法，并加入了遗传算法和迭代方法来进一步提高算法的收敛速度。仿真结果表明，使用该算法后，在最小数据传输速率的约束下，在中继端可以显著提高能量效率，降低功率消耗，增加节点生存时间。

Cancellation of nonlinear distortion based on integration of FCM clustering algorithm and adaptive-two-stage linear approximation

王桂叶 邹卫霞 王振宇 杜光龙 GAO Ying

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2014, 21 (3). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(14)60296-X

摘要 ( 1515 )

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A hybrid system of the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm and adaptive-two-stage linear approximation was presented for nonlinear distortion cancellation of radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA). This mechanism can effectively eliminate noise, adaptively model PA’s instantaneous change, and efficiently correct nonlinear distortion. This article puts forward the FCM clustering algorithm for clustering received signals to eliminate white noise, and then uses the adaptive-two-stage linear approximation to fit the inverse function of the amplitude’s and phase’s nonlinear mapping during the training phase. Parameters of the linear function and similarity function are trained using the gradient-descent and minimum mean-square error criteria. The proposed approach’s training results is directly employed to eliminate sampling signal’s nonlinear distortion. This hybrid method is realized easier than the multi-segment linear approximation and could reduce the received signal’s bit error rate (BER) more efficiently.

PC-based frame synchronization method for byte-misaligned stream

蔡雨辰 王振华 张国峰 陈朝晖

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2014, 21 (3). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(14)60297-1

摘要 ( 1472 )

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As the traditional character-oriented frame synchronization methods are no longer applicable to the byte-misaligned stream, and the efficiency of the bit-oriented method is hardly acceptable, a character-oriented bit-shift stream frame synchronization (COBS-FS) method is presented. In order to measure the performance of the given method, a bit-oriented frame synchronization method, based on Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP-FS) algorithm, is used for comparison. It is proven in theory that the COBS-FS has a much lower cost in frame header searching. Experiment shows that the COBS-FS method is with better performance than the KMP-FS algorithm in both computational effort and execution time.

Spectrum efficiency sub-carrier and energy efficiency power allocation for downlink multi-user CoMP in multi-cell system

刘锴 李屹 纪红 吴旭光

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2014, 21 (3). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(14)60298-3

摘要 ( 1451 )

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Coordinated multi-point transmission/reception (CoMP) was proposed currently as an effective technology to improve cell-edge throughput in next-generation wireless systems. Most of the existing work discussed clustering methods mostly to maximize the edge user throughput while neglecting the problem of energy efficiency, such as those algorithm clustering base stations (BSs) of better channel condition and BSs of worse channel condition together. In addition, BSs usually increase the transmit power to achieve higher throughput without any considering of interference caused to other users, that may result in energy waste. The authors focus on the throughput maximizing problem while fully considering energy saving problem in CoMP systems. A coefficient is defined to describe the fitness of clusters. Then a sub-carrier allocation algorithm with clustering method is put forward for CoMP downlink, which can save the transmit power of BS and increase the throughput. Furthermore a power allocation scheme is proposed based on non-cooperation game; in which the transmit power is decreased by BSs generally to reach the Nash equation (NE). Simulation shows that the proposed sub-carrier allocation scheme and power allocation algorithm are better than the existing ones on users’ throughput while consumes much less energy.

Networks

Method of data cleaning for network traffic classification

王若愚 刘珍 张凌

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2014, 21 (3). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(14)60299-5

摘要 ( 1548 )

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Network traffic classification aims at identifying the application types of network packets. It is important for Internet service providers (ISPs) to manage bandwidth resources and ensure the quality of service for different network applications. However, most classification techniques using machine learning only focus on high flow accuracy and ignore byte accuracy. The classifier would obtain low classification performance for elephant flows as the imbalance between elephant flows and mice flows on Internet. The elephant flows, however, consume much more bandwidth than mice flows. When the classifier is deployed for traffic policing, the network management system cannot penalize elephant flows and avoid network congestion effectively. This article explores the factors related to low byte accuracy, and secondly, it presents a new traffic classification method to improve byte accuracy at the aid of data cleaning. Experiments are carried out on three groups of real-world traffic datasets, and the method is compared with existing work on the performance of improving byte accuracy. Experiment shows that byte accuracy increased by about 22.31% on average. The method outperforms the existing one in most cases.

Credibility protection for resource sharing and collaborating in non-center network computing environments

徐小龙 TU Qun Wang Xin-Heng 王汝传

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2014, 21 (3). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(14)60300-9

摘要 ( 1411 )

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Non-center network computing environments have some unique characteristics, such as instability, heterogeneity, autonomy, distribution and openness, which bring serious issues of security and reliability. This article proposes a brand-new credibility protection mechanism for resource sharing and collaboration in non-center network computing environments. First, the three-dimensional hierarchical classified topology (3DHCT) is proposed, which provides a basic framework for realizations of the identity credibility, the behavior credibility and the capability credibility. Next, the agent technology is utilized to construct the credibility protection model. This article also proposes a new comprehensive credibility evaluation algorithm with simple, efficient, quantitative and able to meet the requirements of evaluating behavior credibility and the capability credibility evaluation as well. The Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence and the combination rule are used to achieve the evaluation of the capability credibility. The behavior credibility is evaluated with the current and historical performance of nodes for providers and consumers to realize more accurate prediction. Based on the non-center network computing simulation test platform, simulation is been conducted to test the performance and validity of the proposed algorithms. Experiment and analysis show that the proposed algorithms are suitable for large-scale, dynamic network computing environments, and able to maintain the credibility for networks without relying on central node, make a non-center network gradually evolve into an orderly, stable and reliable computing environment efficiently.

Load-balance cell association for improving network capacity in heterogeneous cellular networks

陈磊 李曦 纪红 刘刚

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2014, 21 (3). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(14)60301-0

摘要 ( 1508 )

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Heterogeneous cellular networks improve the spectrum efficiency and coverage of wireless communication networks by deploying low power base station (BS) overlapping the conventional macro cell. But due to the disparity between the transmit powers of the macro BS and the low power BS, cell association strategy developed for the conventional homogeneous networks may lead to a highly unbalanced traffic loading with most of the traffic concentrated on the macro BS. In this paper, we propose a load-balance cell association scheme for heterogeneous cellular network aiming to maximize the network capacity. By relaxing the association constraints, we can get the upper bound of optimal solution and convert the primal problem into a convex optimization problem. Furthermore we propose a Lagrange multipliers based distributed algorithm by using Lagrange dual theory to solve the convex optimization, which converges to an optimal solution with a theoretical performance guarantee. With the proposed algorithm, mobile terminals (MTs) need to jointly consider their traffic type, received signal-to-interference-noise-ratios (SINRs) from BSs, and the load of BSs when they choose server BS. Simulation results show that the load balance between macro and pico BS is achieved and network capacity is improved significantly by our proposed cell association algorithm.

Virtual machine placement optimizing to improve network performance in cloud data centers

董健康 王洪波 李阳阳 程时端

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2014, 21 (3). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(14)60302-2

摘要 ( 1446 )

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With the wide application of virtualization technology in cloud data centers, how to effectively place virtual machine (VM) is becoming a major issue for cloud providers. The existing virtual machine placement (VMP) solutions are mainly to optimize server resources. However, they pay little consideration on network resources optimization, and they do not concern the impact of the network topology and the current network traffic. A multi-resource constraints VMP scheme is proposed. Firstly, the authors attempt to reduce the total communication traffic in the data center network, which is abstracted as a quadratic assignment problem; and then aim at optimizing network maximum link utilization (MLU). On the condition of slight variation of the total traffic, minimizing MLU can balance network traffic distribution and reduce network congestion hotspots, a classic combinatorial optimization problem as well as NP-hard problem. Ant colony optimization and 2-opt local search are combined to solve the problem. Simulation shows that MLU is decreased by 20%, and the number of hot links is decreased by 37%.

Queuing theory based analysis for packet jitter of mixed services

董雯 迟学芬 刘子川 祝宇鸿

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2014, 21 (3). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(14)60303-4

摘要 ( 1520 )

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Exploring theory and methods to analyze the impacts of non real-time services on jitter performance of real-time services is a quite challenging but meaningful job. This article puts forward a general theoretical method to calculate packet jitter in network node bearing mixed services. Based on queuing theory and Markov theory, the network node is modeled as a double-queue single-server and limited-cache queuing system with thresholds. Two-state Markov-modulated Bernoulli process (MMBP-2) and interrupted Bernoulli process (IBP) are used to model the arrival processes of real-time services and small data services respectively in a packet switched network. In order to depict the interaction between real-time services and small data services, a four-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain is implemented to describe the transition of the system states. By solving the system model, expressions for packet jitter are obtained. The results given by the model are then compared with the simulation results obtained by network simulator, version 3 (NS-3).

Dynamic recovery for survivable virtual network embedding

卢波, HUANG Tao, SUN Xiao-chuan, CHEN Jian-ya, LIU Yun-jie

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2014, 21 (3). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(14)60304-6

摘要 ( 1412 )

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Network virtualization is a promising way to overcome the current ossification of the Internet. It is essential challenge to find effective, efficient and robust embedding algorithms for recovering virtual network. The virtual network mapping algorithm based on integer programming which was proposed months ago. But it did consider the faults of physical network resources, which is so called survivable virtual network embedding (VNE) problem. Previous strategies for enabling survivability in network virtualization focused on providing protection for the physical network or enhancing the virtual networks by providing backup physical resources in advance, and treated all the physical failures as link failures. In the article, a dynamic recovery method is proposed to solve the survivable virtual network embedding problem based on the integer programming VNE algorithm. The dynamic recovery method doesn’t need to backup physical resources and it makes more substrate resources which can be used in the embedding. The dynamic recovery process will be activated only when physical failures occur. Different algorithms are used to recovery node and link failures. Simulations show that the method helps to recover almost all of physical failures by finding the substitute nodes and paths, and its performance is very close to that of pure VNE method without considering physical failures.

Others

Design and optimization for multiprocessor interactive GPU

邓军勇 LI Tao Jiang Lin HAN Jungang SHEN Xubang

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2014, 21 (3). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(14)60305-8

摘要 ( 1460 )

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In order to achieve maximization of parallelism, effective distribution of rendering tasks, balance between performance and flexibility in graphics processing pipeline, this article presents design, performance analysis and optimization for multi-core interactive graphics processing unit (MIGPU). This processor integrates twelve processing cores with specific instruction set architecture and many sophisticated application-specific accelerators into a 3D graphics engine. It is implemented on XC6VLX550T field programmable gate array (FPGA). MIGPU supports OpenGL2.0 with programmable front-end processor, vertex shader, plane clipper, geometry transformer, three-D clippers and pixel shaders. For boosting the performance of MIGPU, the relationship model is established between primitive types, vertices, pixels, and the effect of culling, clipping, and memory access, and shows a way to improve the speed up of the graphics pipeline. It is capable of assigning graphics rendering tasks to different processors for efficiency and flexibility. The pixel filling rate can reach to 40 Mpixel/s at its peak performance.

Artificial Intelligence

Forehead sEMG signal based HMI for hands-free control

张毅, 祝翔, 代凌凌, 罗元

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2014, 21 (3). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(14)60306-X

摘要 ( 1244 ) PDF (0 KB)( 92 )

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A hands-free method is proposed to control an electric powered wheelchair (EPW) based on surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. A CyberLink device is deployed to obtain and analyze forehead sEMG signals generated by the facial movements. The autoregressive (AR) model is used to extract sEMG features. Then, the back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) is proposed to recognize different facial movement patterns and improved by Bayesian regularization and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. A sEMG based human-machine interface (HMI) is designed to map facial movement patterns into corresponding control commands. The experimental results show that the method is simple, real-time and have a high recognition rate.

DOA estimation in unknown colored noise using covariance differencing and sparse signal recovery

田野, 孙晓颖, 秦宇镝

中国邮电高校学报(英文), 2014, 21 (3). doi： 10.1016/S1005-8885(14)60307-1

摘要 ( 2452 ) PDF (0 KB)( 99 )

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A direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm is presented based on covariance differencing and sparse signal recovery, in which the desired signal is embedded in noise with unknown covariance. The key point of the algorithm is to eliminate the noise component by forming the difference of original and transformed covariance matrix, as well as cast the DOA estimation considered as a sparse signal recovery problem. Concerning accuracy and complexity of estimation, the authors take a vectorization operation on difference matrix, and further enforce sparsity by reweighted ?1-norm penalty. We utilize data-validation to select the regularization parameter properly. Meanwhile, a kind of symmetric grid division and refinement strategy is introduced to make the proposed algorithm effective and also to mitigate the effects of limiting estimates to a grid of spatial locations. Compared with the covariance-differencing-based multiple signal classification (MUSIC) method, the proposed is of salient features, including increased resolution, improved robustness to colored noise, distinguishing the false peaks easily, but with no requiring of prior knowledge of the number of sources.